cpp-httplib/httplib.h

//
//  httplib.h
//
//  Copyright (c) 2012 Yuji Hirose. All rights reserved.
//  The Boost Software License 1.0
//

#ifndef _CPPHTTPLIB_HTTPSLIB_H_
#define _CPPHTTPLIB_HTTPSLIB_H_

#ifdef _WIN32
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#define _CRT_NONSTDC_NO_DEPRECATE

#ifndef SO_SYNCHRONOUS_NONALERT
#define SO_SYNCHRONOUS_NONALERT 0x20;
#endif
#ifndef SO_OPENTYPE
#define SO_OPENTYPE 0x7008
#endif

#include <fcntl.h>
#include <io.h>
#include <winsock2.h>

typedef SOCKET socket_t;
#else
#include <pthread.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>

typedef int socket_t;
#endif

#include <functional>
#include <map>
#include <regex>
#include <string>
#include <assert.h>

namespace httplib
{

typedef std::map<std::string, std::string>      Map;
typedef std::multimap<std::string, std::string> MultiMap;
typedef std::smatch                             Match;

struct Request {
    std::string method;
    std::string url;
    MultiMap    headers;
    std::string body;
    Map         params;
    Match       matches;

    bool has_header(const char* key) const;
    std::string get_header_value(const char* key) const;
    void set_header(const char* key, const char* val);

    bool has_param(const char* key) const;
};

struct Response {
    int         status;
    MultiMap    headers;
    std::string body;

    bool has_header(const char* key) const;
    std::string get_header_value(const char* key) const;
    void set_header(const char* key, const char* val);

    void set_redirect(const char* url);
    void set_content(const std::string& s, const char* content_type);

    Response() : status(-1) {}
};

struct Connection {
    Request  request;
    Response response;
};

class Server {
public:
    typedef std::function<void (Connection& c)> Handler;

    Server(const char* host, int port);
    ~Server();

    void get(const char* pattern, Handler handler);
    void post(const char* pattern, Handler handler);

    void set_error_handler(Handler handler);
    void set_logger(Handler logger);

    bool run();
    void stop();

private:
    typedef std::vector<std::pair<std::regex, Handler>> Handlers;

    void process_request(socket_t sock);
    bool read_request_line(FILE* fp, Request& req);
    bool routing(Connection& c);
    bool dispatch_request(Connection& c, Handlers& handlers);

    const std::string host_;
    const int         port_;
    socket_t          svr_sock_;

    Handlers get_handlers_;
    Handlers post_handlers_;
    Handler  error_handler_;
    Handler  logger_;
};

class Client {
public:
    Client(const char* host, int port);
    ~Client();

    std::shared_ptr<Response> get(const char* url);
    std::shared_ptr<Response> post(const char* url, const std::string& body, const char* content_type);
    std::shared_ptr<Response> post(const char* url, const Map& params);

    bool send(const Request& req, Response& res);

private:
    bool read_response_line(FILE* fp, Response& res);

    const std::string host_;
    const int         port_;
};

// Implementation
namespace detail {

template <class Fn>
void split(const char* b, const char* e, char d, Fn fn)
{
    int i = 0;
    int beg = 0;

    while (e ? (b + i != e) : (b[i] != '\0')) {
        if (b[i] == d) {
            fn(&b[beg], &b[i]);
            beg = i + 1;
        }
        i++;
    }

    if (i) {
        fn(&b[beg], &b[i]);
    }
}

inline void get_flie_pointers(int fd, FILE*& fp_read, FILE*& fp_write)
{
#ifdef _WIN32
    int osfhandle = _open_osfhandle(fd, _O_RDONLY);
    fp_read = _fdopen(osfhandle, "rb");
    fp_write = _fdopen(osfhandle, "wb");
#else
    fp_read = fdopen(fd, "rb");
    fp_write = fdopen(fd, "wb");
#endif
}

template <typename Fn>
socket_t create_socket(const char* host, int port, Fn fn)
{
#ifdef _WIN32
    int opt = SO_SYNCHRONOUS_NONALERT;
    setsockopt(INVALID_SOCKET, SOL_SOCKET, SO_OPENTYPE, (char*)&opt, sizeof(opt));
#endif

    // Create a socket
    socket_t sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    if (sock == -1) {
        return -1;
    }

    // Make 'reuse address' option available
    int yes = 1;
    setsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, (char*)&yes, sizeof(yes));

    // Get a host entry info
    struct hostent* hp;
    if (!(hp = gethostbyname(host))) {
        return -1;
    }

    // Bind the socket to the given address
    struct sockaddr_in addr;
    memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
    memcpy(&addr.sin_addr, hp->h_addr, hp->h_length);
    addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    addr.sin_port = htons(port);

    return fn(sock, addr);
}

inline socket_t create_server_socket(const char* host, int port)
{
    return create_socket(host, port, [](socket_t sock, struct sockaddr_in& addr) -> socket_t {
        if (::bind(sock, (struct sockaddr*)&addr, sizeof(addr))) {
            return -1;
        }
        if (listen(sock, 5)) { // Listen through 5 channels
            return -1;
        }
        return sock;
    });
}

inline int shutdown_socket(socket_t sock)
{
#ifdef _WIN32
    return shutdown(sock, SD_BOTH);
#else
    return shutdown(sock, SHUT_RDWR);
#endif
}

inline int close_socket(socket_t sock)
{
#ifdef _WIN32
    return closesocket(sock);
#else
    return close(sock);
#endif
}

inline socket_t create_client_socket(const char* host, int port)
{
    return create_socket(host, port, [](socket_t sock, struct sockaddr_in& addr) -> socket_t {
        if (connect(sock, (struct sockaddr*)&addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in))) {
            return -1;
        }
        return sock;
    });
}

inline const char* status_message(int status)
{
    switch (status) {
    case 400: return "Bad Request";
    case 404: return "Not Found";
    default:
        status = 500;
        return "Internal Server Error";
    }
}

inline const char* get_header_value_text(const MultiMap& map, const char* key, const char* def)
{
    auto it = map.find(key);
    if (it != map.end()) {
        return it->second.c_str();
    }
    return def;
}

inline int get_header_value_int(const MultiMap& map, const char* key, int def)
{
    auto it = map.find(key);
    if (it != map.end()) {
        return std::atoi(it->second.c_str());
    }
    return def;
}

inline bool read_headers(FILE* fp, MultiMap& headers)
{
    static std::regex re("(.+?): (.+?)\r\n");

    const size_t BUFSIZ_HEADER = 2048;
    char buf[BUFSIZ_HEADER];

    for (;;) {
        if (!fgets(buf, BUFSIZ_HEADER, fp)) {
            return false;
        }
        if (!strcmp(buf, "\r\n")) {
            break;
        }
        std::cmatch m;
        if (std::regex_match(buf, m, re)) {
            auto key = std::string(m[1]);
            auto val = std::string(m[2]);
            headers.insert(std::make_pair(key, val));
        }
    }

    return true;
}

template <typename T>
bool read_content(T& x, FILE* fp)
{
    auto len = get_header_value_int(x.headers, "Content-Length", 0);
    if (len) {
        x.body.assign(len, 0);
        if (!fgets(&x.body[0], x.body.size() + 1, fp)) {
            return false;
        }
    }
    return true;
}

template <typename T>
inline void write_headers(FILE* fp, const T& x)
{
    fprintf(fp, "Connection: close\r\n");

    for (auto it = x.headers.begin(); it != x.headers.end(); ++it) {
        if (it->first != "Content-Type" && it->first != "Content-Length") {
            fprintf(fp, "%s: %s\r\n", it->first.c_str(), it->second.c_str());
        }
    }

    if (!x.body.empty()) {
        auto content_type = get_header_value_text(x.headers, "Content-Type", "text/plain");
        fprintf(fp, "Content-Type: %s\r\n", content_type);
        fprintf(fp, "Content-Length: %ld\r\n", x.body.size());
    }

    fprintf(fp, "\r\n");
}

inline void write_response(FILE* fp, const Response& res)
{
    fprintf(fp, "HTTP/1.0 %d %s\r\n", res.status, status_message(res.status));

    write_headers(fp, res);

    if (!res.body.empty()) {
        fprintf(fp, "%s", res.body.c_str());
    }
}

inline std::string encode_url(const std::string& s)
{
    std::string result;

    int i = 0;
    while (s[i]) {
        switch (s[i]) {
        case ' ':  result += "%20"; break;
        case '\'': result += "%27"; break;
        case ',':  result += "%2C"; break;
        case ':':  result += "%3A"; break;
        case ';':  result += "%3B"; break;
        default:
            if (s[i] < 0) {
                result += '%';
                char hex[4];
                size_t len = sprintf(hex, "%02X", (int)(unsigned char)s[i]);
                assert(len == 2);
                result.append(hex, len);
            } else {
                result += s[i];
            }
            break;
        }
        i++;
    }

    return result;
}

inline bool is_hex(char c, int& v)
{
    if (0x20 <= c && isdigit(c)) {
        v = c - '0';
        return true;
    } else if ('A' <= c && c <= 'F') {
        v = c - 'A' + 10;
        return true;
    } else if ('a' <= c && c <= 'f') {
        v = c - 'a' + 10;
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}

inline int from_hex_to_i(const std::string& s, int i, int cnt, int& val)
{
    val = 0;
    for (; s[i] && cnt; i++, cnt--) {
        int v = 0;
        if (is_hex(s[i], v)) {
            val = val * 16 + v;
        } else {
            break;
        }
    }
    return --i;
}

size_t to_utf8(int code, char* buff)
{
    if (code < 0x0080) {
        buff[0] = (uint8_t)(code & 0x7F);
        return 1;
    } else if (code < 0x0800) {
        buff[0] = (uint8_t)(0xC0 | ((code >> 6) & 0x1F));
        buff[1] = (uint8_t)(0x80 | (code & 0x3F));
        return 2;
    } else if (code < 0xD800) {
        buff[0] = (uint8_t)(0xE0 | ((code >> 12) & 0xF));
        buff[1] = (uint8_t)(0x80 | ((code >> 6) & 0x3F));
        buff[2] = (uint8_t)(0x80 | (code & 0x3F));
        return 3;
    } else if (code < 0xE000)  { // D800 - DFFF is invalid...
        assert(!"NOTREACHED");
        return 0;
    } else if (code < 0x10000) {
        buff[0] = (uint8_t)(0xE0 | ((code >> 12) & 0xF));
        buff[1] = (uint8_t)(0x80 | ((code >> 6) & 0x3F));
        buff[2] = (uint8_t)(0x80 | (code & 0x3F));
        return 3;
    } else if (code < 0x110000) {
        buff[0] = (uint8_t)(0xF0 | ((code >> 18) & 0x7));
        buff[1] = (uint8_t)(0x80 | ((code >> 12) & 0x3F));
        buff[2] = (uint8_t)(0x80 | ((code >> 6) & 0x3F));
        buff[3] = (uint8_t)(0x80 | (code & 0x3F));
        return 4;
    }

    assert(!"NOTREACHED");
    // NOTREACHED
}

inline std::string decode_url(const std::string& s)
{
    std::string result;

    for (int i = 0; s[i]; i++) {
        if (s[i] == '%') {
            i++;
            assert(s[i]);

            if (s[i] == '%') {
                result += s[i];
            } else if (s[i] == 'u') {
                // Unicode
                i++;
                assert(s[i]);

                int val = 0;
                i = from_hex_to_i(s, i, 4, val);

                char buff[4];
                size_t len = to_utf8(val, buff);

                if (len > 0) {
                    result.append(buff, len);
                }
            } else {
                // ASCII
                int val = 0;
                i = from_hex_to_i(s, i, 2, val);
                result += (char)val;
            }
        } else if (s[i] == '+') {
            result += ' ';
        } else {
            result += s[i];
        }
    }

    return result;
}

inline void write_request(FILE* fp, const Request& req)
{
    auto url = encode_url(req.url);
    fprintf(fp, "%s %s HTTP/1.0\r\n", req.method.c_str(), url.c_str());

    write_headers(fp, req);

    if (!req.body.empty()) {
        if (req.has_header("application/x-www-form-urlencoded")) {
            fprintf(fp, "%s", encode_url(req.body).c_str());
        } else {
            fprintf(fp, "%s", req.body.c_str());
        }
    }
}

inline void parse_query_text(const std::string& s, Map& params)
{
    split(&s[0], &s[s.size()], '&', [&](const char* b, const char* e) {
        std::string key;
        std::string val;
        split(b, e, '=', [&](const char* b, const char* e) {
            if (key.empty()) {
                key.assign(b, e);
            } else {
                val.assign(b, e);
            }
        });
        params[key] = val;
    });
}

} // namespace detail

// Request implementation
inline bool Request::has_header(const char* key) const
{
    return headers.find(key) != headers.end();
}

inline std::string Request::get_header_value(const char* key) const
{
    return detail::get_header_value_text(headers, key, "");
}

inline void Request::set_header(const char* key, const char* val)
{
    headers.insert(std::make_pair(key, val));
}

inline bool Request::has_param(const char* key) const
{
    return params.find(key) != params.end();
}

// Response implementation
inline bool Response::has_header(const char* key) const
{
    return headers.find(key) != headers.end();
}

inline std::string Response::get_header_value(const char* key) const
{
    return detail::get_header_value_text(headers, key, "");
}

inline void Response::set_header(const char* key, const char* val)
{
    headers.insert(std::make_pair(key, val));
}

inline void Response::set_redirect(const char* url)
{
    set_header("Location", url);
    status = 302;
}

inline void Response::set_content(const std::string& s, const char* content_type)
{
    body = s;
    set_header("Content-Type", content_type);
}

// HTTP server implementation
inline Server::Server(const char* host, int port)
    : host_(host)
    , port_(port)
    , svr_sock_(-1)
{
#ifdef _WIN32
    WSADATA wsaData;
    WSAStartup(0x0002, &wsaData);
#endif
}

inline Server::~Server()
{
#ifdef _WIN32
    WSACleanup();
#endif
}

inline void Server::get(const char* pattern, Handler handler)
{
    get_handlers_.push_back(std::make_pair(std::regex(pattern), handler));
}

inline void Server::post(const char* pattern, Handler handler)
{
    post_handlers_.push_back(std::make_pair(std::regex(pattern), handler));
}

inline void Server::set_error_handler(Handler handler)
{
    error_handler_ = handler;
}

inline void Server::set_logger(Handler logger)
{
    logger_ = logger;
}

inline bool Server::run()
{
    svr_sock_ = detail::create_server_socket(host_.c_str(), port_);
    if (svr_sock_ == -1) {
        return false;
    }
    
    auto ret = true;

    for (;;) {
        socket_t sock = accept(svr_sock_, NULL, NULL);

        if (sock == -1) {
            if (svr_sock_ != -1) {
                detail::close_socket(svr_sock_);
                ret = false;
            } else {
                ; // The server socket was closed by user.
            }
            break;
        }

        // TODO: should be async
        process_request(sock);
        detail::shutdown_socket(sock);
        detail::close_socket(sock);
    }

    return ret;
}

inline void Server::stop()
{
    detail::shutdown_socket(svr_sock_);
    detail::close_socket(svr_sock_);
    svr_sock_ = -1;
}

inline bool Server::read_request_line(FILE* fp, Request& req)
{
    const size_t BUFSIZ_REQUESTLINE = 2048;
    char buf[BUFSIZ_REQUESTLINE];
    if (!fgets(buf, BUFSIZ_REQUESTLINE, fp)) {
        return false;
    }

    static std::regex re("(GET|POST) ([^?]+)(?:\\?(.+?))? HTTP/1\\.[01]\r\n");

    std::cmatch m;
    if (std::regex_match(buf, m, re)) {
        req.method = std::string(m[1]);
        req.url = detail::decode_url(m[2]);

        // Parse query text
        auto len = std::distance(m[3].first, m[3].second);
        if (len > 0) {
            detail::parse_query_text(detail::decode_url(m[3]), req.params);
        }

        return true;
    }

    return false;
}

inline bool Server::routing(Connection& c)
{
    if (c.request.method == "GET") {
        return dispatch_request(c, get_handlers_);
    } else if (c.request.method == "POST") {
        return dispatch_request(c, post_handlers_);
    }
    return false;
}

inline bool Server::dispatch_request(Connection& c, Handlers& handlers)
{
    for (auto it = handlers.begin(); it != handlers.end(); ++it) {
        const auto& pattern = it->first;
        const auto& handler = it->second;

        if (std::regex_match(c.request.url, c.request.matches, pattern)) {
            handler(c);
            return true;
        }
    }
    return false;
}

inline void Server::process_request(socket_t sock)
{
    FILE* fp_read;
    FILE* fp_write;
    detail::get_flie_pointers(sock, fp_read, fp_write);

    Connection c;

    if (!read_request_line(fp_read, c.request) ||
        !detail::read_headers(fp_read, c.request.headers)) {
        return;
    }

    if (c.request.method == "POST") {
        if (!detail::read_content(c.request, fp_read)) {
            return;
        }
        if (c.request.get_header_value("Content-Type") == "application/x-www-form-urlencoded") {
            detail::parse_query_text(detail::decode_url(c.request.body), c.request.params);
        }
    }
    
    if (routing(c)) {
        if (c.response.status == -1) {
            c.response.status = 200;
        }
    } else {
        c.response.status = 404;
    }
    assert(c.response.status != -1);

    if (400 <= c.response.status && error_handler_) {
        error_handler_(c);
    }

    detail::write_response(fp_write, c.response);
    fflush(fp_write);

    if (logger_) {
        logger_(c);
    }
}

// HTTP client implementation
inline Client::Client(const char* host, int port)
    : host_(host)
    , port_(port)
{
#ifdef _WIN32
    WSADATA wsaData;
    WSAStartup(0x0002, &wsaData);
#endif
}

inline Client::~Client()
{
#ifdef _WIN32
    WSACleanup();
#endif
}

inline bool Client::read_response_line(FILE* fp, Response& res)
{
    const size_t BUFSIZ_RESPONSELINE = 2048;
    char buf[BUFSIZ_RESPONSELINE];
    if (!fgets(buf, BUFSIZ_RESPONSELINE, fp)) {
        return false;
    }

    static std::regex re("HTTP/1\\.[01] (\\d+?) .+\r\n");

    std::cmatch m;
    if (std::regex_match(buf, m, re)) {
        res.status = std::atoi(std::string(m[1]).c_str());
    }

    return true;
}

inline bool Client::send(const Request& req, Response& res)
{
    socket_t sock = detail::create_client_socket(host_.c_str(), port_);
    if (sock == -1) {
        return false;
    }

    FILE* fp_read;
    FILE* fp_write;
    detail::get_flie_pointers(sock, fp_read, fp_write);

    // Send request
    detail::write_request(fp_write, req);
    fflush(fp_write);

    if (!read_response_line(fp_read, res) ||
        !detail::read_headers(fp_read, res.headers) ||
        !detail::read_content(res, fp_read)) {
        return false;
    }

    detail::shutdown_socket(sock);
    detail::close_socket(sock);

    return true;
}

inline std::shared_ptr<Response> Client::get(const char* url)
{
    Request req;
    req.method = "GET";
    req.url = url;

    auto res = std::make_shared<Response>();

    return send(req, *res) ? res : nullptr;
}

inline std::shared_ptr<Response> Client::post(
    const char* url, const std::string& body, const char* content_type)
{
    Request req;
    req.method = "POST";
    req.url = url;
    req.set_header("Content-Type", content_type);
    req.body = body;

    auto res = std::make_shared<Response>();

    return send(req, *res) ? res : nullptr;
}

inline std::shared_ptr<Response> Client::post(
    const char* url, const Map& params)
{
    std::string query;
    for (auto it = params.begin(); it != params.end(); ++it) {
        if (it != params.begin()) {
            query += "&";
        }
        query += it->first;
        query += "=";
        query += it->second;
    }

    return post(url, query, "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
}

} // namespace httplib

#endif

// vim: et ts=4 sw=4 cin cino={1s ff=unix